A zygote formed after the fusion of the gametes is basically a single totipotent cell that divides and results in the formation of embryonic germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) and the supporting extraembryonic cells (cytotrophoblast and a syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta). These cells are the most versatile cells that have the ability to produce and differentiate into any type of body cell. Totipotent stem cells are an ideal approach for the treatment of diseases. Therapeutic Potential of Totipotent Stem Cells Highly explored and widely used in researchĭata by Dr. Pluripotent cells are derived from the totipotent cells Totipotent cells are formed early in the developmental phase Induced pluripotent cells (iPS) are an example of pluripotent stem cells Spores and Zygote are examples of the totipotent cells Have the capacity to produce and differentiate into three germ layers of the embryoĬells have high differentiation potential Have the capacity to differentiate into embryonic as well as extraembryonic cells Stem cells have the ability to produce and differentiate into only one of the three germ layer cells Stem cells that have the ability to produce and differentiate into any type of body cells, embryonic as well as extraembryonic cells Table 1: Difference between Totipotent cells and Pluripotent cells The difference between totipotent cells and pluripotent cells is in Table 1. Thus, cellular totipotency is the ability of a single plant cell to produce a whole new plant autonomously as a single process.Īlthough in reality, not all plant cells are totipotent and require specific conditions to develop into a full plant. Interestingly, by a theory, plants exhibit cellular totipotency wherein each plant somatic cell possesses the necessary genetic makeup and capability to grow into a whole plant. Image Source: Maria Victoria Gonzaga of Biology Online. If arranged sequentially in a developmental cycle, totipotent cells are followed by pluripotent cells followed by the multipotent cells (Figure 1) Figure 1: Totipotent cells, Pluripotent cells and Multipotent cells. While adult stem cells like the bone marrow cells are a type of multipotent stem cells. Totipotent cells can be found in abundance during the early embryonic development stage and hence these cells are also referred to as embryonic stem cells. One may wonder, where can totipotent cells be found? Hematopoietic stem cells that can only produce blood cells - not other types of cells like lung cells or liver cells - are known as multipotent cells. While certain stem cells can distinctly produce only cells of a particular lineage, such stem cells are known as multipotent stem cells. Such cells are known as pluripotent cells. Further, during embryonic development, stem cells retain their ability to of differentiating into adult cells however, they lose their ability to produce extra-embryonic cells. A zygote, an example of totipotent stem cells, can produce extraembryonic cells like placental cells. The ability and extent of differentiation is the differentiating factor in different types of stem cells namely, totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent cells.Īccordingly, the stem cells that can generate all types of cells, embryonic as well as extraembryonic cells are known as totipotent stem cells. Self-renewal and differentiation are the two distinct stem cell characteristics that make them suitable for therapeutic application. Capability to differentiate into at least one type of progeny cells.The capacity of unrestricted self-regeneration.Characteristically, stem cells should have two basic properties: Totipotent cells are a kind of stem cells that are self-sufficient entities.
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